# How to Remove Array Duplicates in ES6

Here are 3 ways to filter out duplicates from an array and return only the unique values. My favorite is using Set cause it’s the shortest and simplest 😁

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

// 1: "Set"
[...new Set(array)];

// 2: "Filter"
array.filter((item, index) => array.indexOf(item) === index);

// 3: "Reduce"
array.reduce(
  (unique, item) => (unique.includes(item) ? unique : [...unique, item]),
  [],
);

// RESULT:
// ['🐑', 1, 2, 3];

# 1. Using set

Let me start first by explaining what Set is:

Set is a new data object introduced in ES6. Because Set only lets you store unique values. When you pass in an array, it will remove any duplicate values.

Okay, let's go back to our code and break down what's happening. There are 2 things going on:

1. First, we are creating a new Set by passing an array. Because Set only allows unique values, all duplicates will be removed.
2. Now the duplicates are gone, we're going to convert it back to an array by using the spread operator ...

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

// Step 1
const uniqueSet = new Set(array);
// Set { '🐑', 1, 2, 3 }

// Step 2
const backToArray = [...uniqueSet];
// ['🐑', 1, 2, 3]

# Convert Set to an Array using Array.from

Alternatively, you can also use Array.from to convert a Set into an array:

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

Array.from(new Set(array));

// ['🐑', 1, 2, 3]

# 2: Using filter

In order to understand this option, let's go through what these two methods are doing: indexOf and filter

# indexOf

The indexOf method returns the first index it finds of the provided element from our array.

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

array.indexOf('🐑'); // 0
array.indexOf(1); // 1
array.indexOf(2); // 2
array.indexOf(3); // 5

# filter

The filter() method creates a new array of elements that pass the conditional we provide. In other words, if the element passes and returns true, it will be included in the filtered array. And any element that fails or return false, it will be NOT be in the filtered array.

Let's step in and walk through what happens as we loop through the array.

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

array.filter((item, index) => {
  console.log(
    // a. Item
    item,
    // b. Index
    index,
    // c. indexOf
    array.indexOf(item),
    // d. Condition
    array.indexOf(item) === index,
  );

  return array.indexOf(item) === index;
});

Below is the output from the console.log showed above. The duplicates are where the index doesn’t match the indexOf. So in those cases, the condition will be false and won’t be included in our filtered array.

# Retrieve the duplicate values

We can also use the filter method to retrieve the duplicate values from the array. We can do this by simply adjusting our condition like so:

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

array.filter((item, index) => array.indexOf(item) !== index);

// ['🐑','🐑']

Again, let step through this and see the output:

# 3: Using reduce

The reduce method is used to reduce the elements of the array and combine them into a final array based on some reducer function that you pass.

In this case, our reducer function is checking if our final array contains the item. If it doesn't, push that item into our final array. Otherwise, skip that element and return just our final array as is (essentially skipping over that element).

Reduce is always a bit more tricky to understand, so let's also step into each case and see the output:

const array = ['🐑', 1, 2, '🐑', '🐑', 3];

array.reduce((unique, item) => {
  console.log(
    // a. Item
    item,
    // b. Final Array (Accumulator)
    unique,
    // c. Condition (Remember it only get pushed if this returns `false`)
    unique.includes(item),
    // d. Reducer Function Result
    unique.includes(item) ? unique : [...unique, item],
  );

  return unique.includes(item) ? unique : [...unique, item];
}, []); // 👈 The initial value of our Accumulator is an empty array

// RESULT:
// ['🐑', 1, 2, 3];

And here's the output from the console.log:

# Community input

• @smokkku: array.includes(item) is more idiomatic way of testing whether array contains the item

• @riquelkovsky: Just today I did this by doing the following. Object.keys(array.reduce((map, next) => ({...map, [next]: true}), {}))

-@luisiacc2: Sure, Set() will do the trick for primitve values, with objects a non O(n^2) solution would be first performing a sort() on the array(which operates in O(nlogn)), and then search for the adjacents equal items(which is O(n)) , so you got O(n + nlogn).

• @iamdipankarj: Also, Array.from(new Set([1, 2, 3, 3, 4])), but this only works on primitives. For filtering duplicates in array of custom objects Array.filter() is the way to go.

• @benawad: filter run time is O(n^2)

# Resources

• MDN Web Docs - Set
• MDN Web Docs - Filter
• MDN Web Docs - Reduce
• GitHubGist: Remove duplicates from JS array
• CodeHandbook: How to Remove Duplicates from JavaScript Array